Geographical Situation and Tankage Area:
Water refinery No.1 in south-west of Mashhad, in Ab o Bargh, is put into use in Khordad 1370. The nominal capacity of the refinery is 96,000 cubic meters per day that takes its water from Kardeh and Torogh dams where they are branched. Kardeh dam is located 42 kilometers north-east of Mashhad and all this distance has a pipeline of 800 millimeters made of dactyl cast iron in order to transfer water. Torogh dam is located 24 kilometers south-east of Mashhad and its water is transferred to the refinery through 700 millimeters pipes by pumping.
 

Process of Water Refinement:
The function of refining, since entering the refinery until exiting it, takes about an hour. The refinery is of polsator kind and has these steps:
 ●  the primary chlorination in the deviational joints of the dams
 ●  primary chlorination in the entry of the refinery
 ●  adding chemicals and fast mixture
 ●  slow mixture, coagulation and settling in the polsators
 ●  filtration
 ●  final chlorination
 

the six processes of refining water, which were mentioned in the previous page, is controlled half-automatically and their report are sent to the control room by control and measurement machines and are shown in different ways.
 ● The water flow of the crude entering and refined water are registered momentarily by registration machines.
 ● The signals in mimic diaphragm switch gear shows if the machines are on or off
 ● Signals of danger, derangement, alarm and danger alarm are displayed in the danger signals switch gears.

Primary Chlorination:
After the mixing of the water from the two dams, at the beginning of entering the refinery, chlorine helps the process of refining. Its necessary amount is added to the water according to volume and quality of the coming water which are measured by gas chlorinators and the supervision of the laboratory.
 

Adding Chemicals:
After the mixing of the water from the two dams, at the beginning of entering the refinery, chlorine helps the process of refining. Its necessary amount is added to the water according to volume and quality of the coming water which are measured by gas chlorinators and the supervision of the laboratory.
 

Settling:
After being mixed with the chemicals, water enters the polsators and undergoes the processes of coagulation and flocculation. While doing these processes, the vacuum chamber that deliver successive blows and causes the slow mixing of the water in the pools, is very effective. After settling, the slime clouds made as the result of slow mixing are led to some pools called hopper and are emptied automatically and with certain intervals in the channels leading to slime concentration pool. After separating the clear water from the slime, it is led to slime drying beds.

Filtration:
After limpidizing, the crude water enters the fast gravel filters through gathering canals situated on the surface of the polsators. Then by passing through the nasals at the bottom the filters, water moves towards the exiting canals and from there towards sources for consumption of the citizens. The thickness of these filters is about 90 centimeters which consists of two layers of grovel with the thickness of 5 millimeters and a 1 millimeter layer of sand. After the passage of the limpid water and remaining of the floating germs in the sand, these filters, in the intervals of 1 to 2 days are washed by air and water pumps by way of back wash.
 

Final Chlorization in The Exit of Refinary:
According to the standard, the exiting water from the refinery(which has a turbidity less than a NTU unit) should have some free chlorine left( between 0.2-0.8 PPM) to antisepticise the sources and the transfer lines to the houses of the subscribers. To do that, in the exit of the refinery, some chlorine is added to the water by the chlorinator. The rate of the free chlorine left at the exit of the refinery is momentarily reported to the control room.
 

Refinary Laboratory:
This refinery is equipped with a laboratory to control water quality that performs the necessary tests with standard quality. Of its responsibilities we can name:

● Optimal function control of the process of water refining in all the stages
● Deciding on the amount of the chlorine gas and chemicals to refine water according to the amount of the entering crude water from the dams and relevant examinations.
● Quality control of the exiting refined water according to world standards.
 

Emergency Power Generator:
This refinery is equipped with a diesel emergency power generator with the power of 280 kilowatts which can be put into use after 50 seconds of electricity disconnection. During these 50 seconds, no harm is done to the exploitation system and the system can continue functioning.